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A constitutional referendum was held in Niger on 4 August 2009. The purpose of the referendum was to submit to Nigerien voters the dissolution of the Fifth Republic of Niger and the creation of a "Sixth Republic of Niger" under a fully presidential system of government. The referendum offered a yes or no vote on the suspension of the Constitution and the granting of President Mamadou Tandja a three year interim government during which the Constitution of the Sixth Republic of Niger would be formulated. On 20 June, the Constitutional Court of Niger declared the plan illegal, but Tandja subsequently assumed emergency powers and dissolved the Court. The events surrounding this election form the 2009 Nigerien constitutional crisis. Although the opposition boycotted the referendum, official results reported that turnout was 68%, with 92.5% of voters in favor. The new constitution was accordingly promulgated on 18 August 2009.〔("New Niger constitution promulgated" ), AFP, 18 August 2009.〕 ==Referendum plan== The full details of the referendum proposal were not finalized, but elements of the proposed constitution were outlined by government spokesmen and by a commission set up by the president to draft a proposed document. Tandja would extend his term for a transitional mandate of three years, during which a new constitution would be written and approved. The system of government would be changed from a semi-presidential system to a full presidential system, which Tandja claims is more stable. There would be no limit to presidential terms, and a bi-cameral legislature would be created with an upper house, the Senate.〔http://in.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idINLV16692820090601?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0〕〔http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hO_HhpJDK6w73SExPHul518BLFAA〕〔http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=969122&lang=eng_news〕〔(Chronogramme Tazartché: Bonus de 3 ans pour Tandja, Elections locales et législatives en 2009, Elections présidentielles (auxquelles Tandja pouvait participer) en 2012 ). LE TEMOIN du 11 au 15 mai 2009〕 〔(ANNONCE DU RÉFÉRENDUM Le planning du Tazartché ). Oumarou Keïta. Republicain-Niger. 15 May 2009.〕 〔(RÉFÉRENDUM CONSTITUTIONNEL Une présidence à vie s'annonce ! ) Oumarou Keïta. Republicain-Niger. 15 May 2009.〕 〔(ALa Cedeao contre la réforme constitutionnelle prévue au Niger ). Deutsche Welle. 15 May 2009.〕 On 5 June, the President and the Council of Ministers of Niger approved plans for the referendum, titled ''Referendum on the Project of the VIth Republic''. Campaigning would take place from 13 July 2009 to 2 August 2009. The President established a commission to create a draft constitutional law upon which the population would vote. The Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI) was ordered to oversee preparations for voting. Electors would be able to choose "yes" or "no" to the text "''Do you approve of the Constitutional project submitted for your assent?''"〔Original text: "''Approuvez-vous le projet de Constitution soumis à votre sanction ? ''"〕〔(Au conseil des ministres : le corps électoral convoqué pour le mardi 4 août 2009 - la campagne référendaire ouverte le lundi 13 juillet 2009 à 00 heure et close le dimanche 2 août 2009 à 24 heures ). Le Sahel, Government of Niger. 8 June 2009.〕 On 12 June 2009, the Constitutional Court ruled against Tandja's referendum proposal, following a non-binding advisement to the President the month before. This time the ruling was in response to a case brought by a coalition of opposition groups, which included the CDS, a governing partner in the previous government, without which the MNSD could not gain a majority in the Assembly. In such cases, the Constitution specifies that rulings of the Constitutional Court are binding and may not be appealed.〔(Niger president's main ally quits the government ). AFP. 25 June 2009.〕〔(BBC ). 12 June 2008〕 Thereafter, the Independent National Electoral Commission announced that National Assembly elections would take place on 20 August, and no referendum would be voted upon. The Chairman of the 66 member decentralized organization which operates and certifies all elections, Niger National Independent Election Commission (CENI),〔Amanda Di Lorenzo and Enrico Sborg. (The 1999 presidential and legislative elections in Niger ). Electoral Studies Volume 20, Issue 3, September 2001, Pages 470-476.〕〔Virginie Baudaisa and Enrico Sborgi.. (The general elections in Niger, November 2004 ). Electoral Studies Volume 25, Issue 1, March 2006, Pages 161-168.〕 Moumouni Hamidou〔(Elections 2009: Le Chef de l'Etat nomme M. Moumouni Hamidou, président de la Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI ) ). Sahel Quotidien. 26 March 2009〕 stated, following the 18 June Court decision, that they would not hold the 4 August Referendum,〔(Les institutions bloquent le projet du président ). Radio France international. 20 June 2009.〕〔(Convocation du corps électoral pour les législatives anticipées: Le ‘’coq à l’âne’’ du Président Tandja ). M. Zamanka, Le Canard déchaîné N°383. 22 June 2009.〕〔(Niger: législatives le 20 août, pas de référendum ). AFP. 19 June 2009.〕 and were preparing almost 7 million voting cards for the 20 August legislative elections. By law, Nigerien electoral officials must send out voter cards two months prior to an election.〔(Niger’s electoral commission ready to work for polls ). PANA Press. 26 June 2009.〕 Upon the final ruling by the Constitutional Court, Tandja declared that he had assumed "special powers" as the "independence of the nation was threatened".〔http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8121974.stm〕 Interior Minister Albade Abouba announced on 28 June, following President Tandja's assumption of emergency powers, that both the 4 August referendum and the 20 August parliamentary election would go ahead.〔(Niger to hold referendum despite court ruling ). Reuters. 28 June 2009.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nigerien constitutional referendum, 2009」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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